forked from EduCraft/curriculum-project-hub
hongjr03
9927d38c18
ADR-0029 — nested outline manifest, supersedes ADR-0008's flat [[parts]]:
- cph-model: recursive loader over manifest.toml containers / element.toml
leaves; Lesson.parts (pure elements, DFS order) + Lesson.outline (elements
interleaved with section headings at their DFS-open position); rejects
ambiguous/incomplete folders and root-vs-container table misplacement
- cph-diag: new DiagCode::ManifestMalformed for carrier-document structure
errors (discharges an existing TODO)
- cph-typst: augmented manifest now serializes the outline (element/section
entries) instead of a flat parts array
- render/lib.typ: render-lesson renders section headings at their depth
- examples/TH-141 migrated to 5 nested section containers + 3 root segments,
byte-identical element order; smoke-verified via cph check/build + pdftotext
ADR-0030 — batch & combined export, extends ADR-0009/0011:
- cph build with no --target batches every declared target (repeatable
--target for an explicit subset); any target failure => non-zero exit,
per-target ledger, independent per-target execution
- cph-model: bundle.toml loader (directory + [info]/[targets.*]/ordered
lessons with per-lesson target overrides)
- cph-typst: augmented bundle manifest (path-prefixed member outlines),
Engine::{compile_check_bundle,build_bundle_pdf}
- render/lib.typ: render-bundle assembles member lessons under per-lesson
headings, depth-shifts their own section headings, resets example/lemma
counters at each lesson boundary by default
- cph-cli: `cph bundle <path> --target <name>` subcommand, same batching
contract as `cph build`
- new bundle fixtures/tests (cph-model unit + cph-typst through-template PDF
compile), smoke-verified via a real 2-lesson merged PDF
Verification: cargo fmt/clippy/test clean across the workspace (68 tests);
real cph check/build/bundle runs against TH-141 and a bundle fixture, PDF
content inspected via pdftotext.
10 lines
865 B
Typst
10 lines
865 B
Typst
液体的 $sigma$ 同时描述两件事：创造单位新表面要付出的能量代价，以及拉伸单位已有表面的弹性反应。它们在液体里合二为一——液体可自由流动，"拉伸"等价于"补充新分子"。
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固体不能流动，这两件事必须分开。设单位面积的表面能为 $gamma$，其定义为创造单位新表面所需的可逆功。再设单位长度的表面应力为 $f$，其定义为把已有的单位面积表面拉伸应变 $epsilon$ 所需的功面密度。两者之间的关系由 Shuttleworth 给出
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$ f = gamma + (dif gamma) / (dif epsilon) , $
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其中右端第二项反映 $gamma$ 本身随应变变化的部分。一般有 $f eq.not gamma$。
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本节及之后所有讨论以 $gamma$ 为对象。$f$ 仅在真正"拉固体"的场景下登场，例如薄膜应力、纳米颗粒形变，本节不展开。
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